Transmitter for telephonic or audiphonic systems.



H. G. PAPE.

TRANSMITTER POR TELEPHONIQUE AUDIPHONIG SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 3, 1910. 1,025,992. Patented May 14, 1912.

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Hozumi H. G. PAPE. TRANSMITTER FOR TELEPHONE) 0R AUD'IPHONIC SYSTEMS.

APPLIGATON FILED JAN.3,191Oy Patented May 14, i912.

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@fm1/nunca H. ,PAPEz TRANSMITTER FOR TELEPHONIC QE AUDPHONIG SYSTEMS.

`Patented May 14, 1912.

4 SHEETS-S HBET 3 APILCATION FILED JAN. 3,1910.

- H. G. PAPE. TRANSMITTER POP TELBPHONIG 0E AUDIPHONIG SYSTEMS.

APPLlCATIN FILED JAYLS 1910.

1,025,992. Patented May 14, 1912.

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y provide HERMAN G. PAPE, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

TRANSMITTER FOR TELEPHONIC OR AUDIPHONIC SYSTEMS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 3, 1910. Serial No. 535,909.

To all 'whom it ymay con cern Be' it known that I, HERMAN G. PAPE. a citizen of the lvnited States, residing` at Buffald. in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Transmitter for Telephonie or Audiphonic Systems. of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to telephone transmitters and is designed more particularly to a transmitter for audiphone sets. that is, instruments designed to assist the deaf to hear, and while particularly adapted to such a purpose the principles of the transmitter may be applied to ordinary telephone systems or to telephonie stethoscopes and all kindred devices embody-ing the principles of Ithe electric telephone.

Briefly, it may be stated that all present transmitters known to me are faulty in that the sound impactions upon "a transmitting diaphragm force the diaphragm inward toward a magnetic core or in carbon transmitters inward to compress together the partieles of carbon. So constructed, the carbonqgranules when compressed decrease in resistance and thus permit. a stronger currenttcl flow through the circuit, causing an inward movement of the receiving diaphragm instead of the outward movement which is best fitted to duplicate the initial sound ilnpa'ctions. Thus, instead of the diaphragm at the receiving end being forced outward upon the impingement of sound waves upon the transmitting end, it is drawn inward, andthe movement of the sound waves is thereby absolutely reversed to that at the transmitting end.

ln a system pro-vided with a transmitter. forming the subject of this application, the

o diaphragms of the ltransmitter and re- ..i\'er move together, and, further, the carhon particles or granules upon the impact c a sound wave are separated instead ofA 'ii 'ig compressed, thus increasing their re-4 if nce to the current in the circuit, and r'ausng a decrease in current flow and hence permitting the receiving diaphragm to move ortward upon each inward movement of the t ansmitting diaphragm instead lof moving i iward upon the outward movement of the ansmitting diaphragm. l

In addition to the ob-'ect above setA forth, further object of the present invention is to provide a transmitter 'in which thesound porting the lsame: Fig. 10 is waves shall impinge upon the rear of the diaphragm (or that side upon which the carbon button is formed)` and in this connection to provide a transmitter which may be spoken into from either side, depending upon the intensity of the sound desired.

A further object is to provide a transmitter having passages which conduct the sound waves to the diaphragm, said passages being gradually contracted in area as they extend inward and being preferably spiral or volute in form, thus compressing the entering sound wave and `thereby increasing the strength and force of the wave when it impinges against the diaphragm.

A further object is to so improve the carbon disk, and also improve the mounting `of the disk and granular carbon, that the disk may be supported in a plane absolutely parallel to the plane of the diaphragm, and that thus a uniform thickness of carbon particles maybe maintained acrossthe whole face ofthe disk. preventing packing of the carbon and variation in the density thereof.

A still further object is to provide means upon theperi heryof the transmitter case Whereby'soun waves may enter the periphery. to actuate the diaphragm, thus permitting the transmitter to be carried in the pocket of the user, or ina bag where it will be inconspi'cuous and conveniently supported.

My invention consists inthe arrangement of parts and details of construction as set forth in the accompanying description and specifically stated in the claims appended,

In the drawings, of one form of my transmitter; Fig. 2 isa rear face view thereof; Fig. 3'is a diametrical section through the transmitter; Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4 4 ofAFig. 3;' Fig. 5 is adetail' enlarged section of a portion ofthe peripheryof the resonator shown jin Figs.

l land 2; Fig. 6 is an inside face View of the back plate or resonator shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 7 is an inside view'of the front plate shown inFig. 1; Fig. 8 is an inner face viewof the diaphragm supporting casing or sound box; Fi 9 is a' face view of the carbon'butt-on antlg bushing supa detail face view of the supporting bushing; Fig. 11 is a detail view of the buttonring; Fig. 12 isa face view of the button or carbon disk; Fig. 13 is a face View of the diaphragmvse- Patented May 14,- 1912.

Figure 1 is a face View i curing ring: Fig. 14 is a side view and section thereof: Fig. 15 an outer face View of a modified form of resonator; Fig. 1G is a diainetrical section thereof; Fig. 1T is a face view of a back plate used when the resonator is left off the front plate also being omitted; Fig. 18 is a diametrical section of Fig. 17 with the front plate added; Fig. 19 is a modified form of the resonator shown in Fig. 17; Fig. Q0 shows another modified form of resonator; Fig. Q1 is a diametrical section thereof; Fig. 22 is a modification of Fig. 15; Fig. is a diametrical section thereof; Fig. Q1 is a perspective detail of the carbon supporting annulus, showing t-he tripple thread thereon; Fig. 25 is a side view of a duplex instrument constructed in accordance with my invention; Fig. 26 is a vertical 'ianxetrical section thereof; Fig. 2T is a face view of a sound box with a duplex resonator applied thereto, the cap plate, diaphragm and electrode being removed: Fig. 2S is a detail view of the double resonator.

Referring. now to Figs. 1 to 12, 3 designates. the front plate of the diaphragm-containing casing or sound box. As will be seen from Figs. 1 and 7, this plate is preferably radially ribbed as atv 4 (these ribs outwardly projecting), and at its periphery has the inwardly turned annular flange 5,

screw-threaded on its inner face. It will be noted in Figs. 1 and 3 that the ribs 4 are provided with openings, 6 and 6a, at their opposite ends. 'hile this front plate may be made of any desired material, I prefer to make it of metal. Screw-threaded into the annular flange 5 of the front plate 3 is the edge of the sound box 7. This is in the form of an annular casing having outwardly turned sides, the central port-ion of the casing as shown more clearly in Fig. 18, being provided with the inwardly turned right angular flange S, adapted to engage with a carbon button-supporting bushing shown in Fig. 10 and later described. A diaphragm 9 of resilient metal, membrane, or other suitable material, is supportedbetween the edge of the soundbox 7 and the plate 3, as is common in this class of devices. Surrounding the periphery and rear face of the sound Tex T is the resonator, 10. As shown in Fig. 3 this resonator has a back plate, a central inwardly extending annular corrugation 11: and flared sides 12. It will be seen that the resonator is in the form of a cup or bowl, larger in diameter thanthe diameter of the sound box and adapted to hold the same and provide an annular passage entirely around the periphery. It will also be seen from Fig. 3 that the flared sides 12 of the resonator provide an annular passage surrounding the sound box, which passage becomes gradually narrow or convergent as it nears the rear of the resonator.

The rear face of the resonator is provided with inwardy extending ribs or corrugations 13, which are adapted to contact with the rear face of the sound box 7. In order to support the resonator. upon the sound box, screws ribs and into the sound box.` The ribs radiate outward from the central portion of the resonator, and while preferably these ribs are spirally arranged as shown in Fig. 2,

they are not necessarily so arranged, as they might be in the form of straight radial ribs.

15 and hereafter described. 1s formed with chamber 15,

as shown in Fig. The center of the resonator an outwardly projecting air surrounded by the annular and provided on its circumference with a series of openings 16 as shown in F igs. 2 and 3. these onenings being for the escape of deflected waves. It will be seen that the space between each two ribs. 13. is gradually contracted inwardI` and that tle waves entering the resonator from the front theref of will pass inward into these passages and be gradually compressed as the wave progresses into the interior of the casing, and

that thus the force and strength of the sound waves entering the resonator will be increased and intensified so that they will strike the diaphragm contained within the sound box with a greater degree of force than they otherwise would do.

Surrounded by the inner edge of the flange S is the bushing 1T shown in detail in Flg. 10. having the flange 1S adapted tolie par'- allel with the flange S the inwardly extending lugs 19 preferably six in number. as shown in Fig. 10. Each of these lugs is screw threaded, as will be later described, for engagement with a ring plate 2O lshown in Fig. 1.1, this ring plate 105 having the inwardly projecting flange, 21, and the outwardly projecting wings 22, these wings being ylonger circumferentlally than the lugs 19 and provided with .screw theads for engagement therewith. perforated as at '22 for the passage of sound waves. As will be .seen from Fig. 3, the flange Q1 is adapted to contact with and be attached to the carbon disk Q3 shown in dctail in Fig. 12, of polished carbon haring a ring 21 of mica set into its circiunferenee and flush with the face of the disk. From the edge of this -disk extends a fringed wall, 25, of silk or other fiber, Q6. which is retained between the disk 2? and the face of the adiacent diaphragm 9, as well shown in Fig. is.

It will bc seen from Fig. l that when the ring 20 is in pla'ce within the bushing 17. 125

that lpassages 27 will be left between the w ings and the lugs 19. and that these passages will permit sound waves to pass from the interiorof the resonator through the bushing 17 and ring 14 pass through these 70 depression 11 80 and provided with The wings are 1.10

this disk consisting of a plate inclosing a mass of granulated carbon plate 20 and int-o 130 'mames i the sound box 7v A,against the rear face of the diaphraln. VIt will also be seen thatv the late 3 iorining the front of the transmitter is imperforate'save-for the openings 6 and 6a, and that, hence,'th sound waves will not pass to any material extent into the space or chamber in front of the diaphragm, but will in the main pass around .the sound box and into the rear thereof through the passages 9.7, being directed therein by the annular `depression l1 surrounding the sound dissi pitting chamber'l. In addition to the passages 2-7 I provide perforations .28 in the lugs 19. In order to hold the' bushing-17 in place Iprovide a screw threaded ring Q9 shown in ig 4, which 'engages with the screw threaded exterior ofthe bushing. By turning this ringby' means of an instrument such as a. Spanner, inserted into the openings 30 therein, the bushing maybe screwed into place and held therein. Insulating rings 31 of mica on opposite sides-of the ange 8 permit the bushing to be securely held in place and prevents any electrical connection between the' electrodes lthrough the flange 8. Electrical connection to the diaphragm and the carbon may be inf-1de in any desired man'- ner as by the terminals 33 Awhich project through'the peripheral walls of the instrument, andare supported in the insulating mock'. at.

The diaphragm is held in place by a resilientI metalliclring 36, shown 'n Fig. 13,

this ring being waved as well illustrated in Fig. 14. The `ring is interposed. between the' margin of the diaphragm and the circumferential margin of .the front plate 3 as shown in Fig; 3. The advantage of this waved resilient ring in instriunentsof-thi kind is that while it binds againsttlieedge otthe diaphragm ata multiplicity of points, ,Y

und maybe resiliently compressed against the circumferential margin of fthe dia- ,phragnn itdoesl not tend t@ tensionthe daphragni or draw it unevenlyly This is a very important poi'ntzin telephonie and kindred devices using audi'phones, as the ordinary rubber gaskets or rin s for this purpose act when .compressed to' iStol-tv the diaphragm, preventing it yielding evenl over its entire surface and thereby mars tie sound-=wa ves projected from the diaphragm.

In 'order .that the transmitter may be rcadilyrarried in the pocket or anhandbag, or otherwise partially concealed, I provide the periphery of the resonator with the series of openings, 3T,- shown in detail in Fig. 5. ',t`hc5c openings are formed by slotting the periphenvY of .the resonator and bending the edges ot' the slot, one outward and the other inward, nsshown in Fig. 5, thus formingl a hood or cnr ilo, over each of the openings, which will collect the sound. ll'ith these oars or hood-liktl extensions over the open` $5 ings, sound is readily received therethrough lWit-h a. triple thread, thus; prg

zment of the-button support, v2() bushing 17 but also insuring and readily penetrates the Ainterior of, the' instrument und acts upon the diaphragm.V This arrangement is of particular impera tance in audiphonie systems, for the .ressent that the deaf are extremely sensitive and' desire to have the audiphonic apparatus concealed as rauch as possible. It will be seen that with lhosev'peripheral openin and the sound conducting passages arrang as described, it is onlynecessry :that t Q, peripheryv of the transmitter project. Ani.-1 other'function of these ears istha` t plOjfAt. ing as they do, they may engage with the 1wall of a box, or, for instance, a cha'telaine pocket in which the resonator may be placed to hold the transmitter in position within said or pocket, and prevent its being' turned so that the peripheral sound-admisision openings shall be obstructed.

It Will be obvious that the uneven for corrugated surface formed by the -frontor .hack plates or by the front plate. and fthe resonator will act to prevent the closingiof the openings leadingto the interior of the sound box or the sound dissipating open@i ings, 6, 6, or 16. The ribs'orcorrugations hold the cloth or other material o fpthe.l

,pocket- 01' casing in' which -the instrurnent?r may be carried, away from thesebpenings and by so doing leave channels ext/elim? to the circumference of the 'instrument' an preventing any inutliing of the sound te ce-ived or'givenjout. K

lVhile I may provide the wings 22 and lugs ,19 with any desired thread-v their mutual engagement, I preferfto' contacting faces of theseglug's @if only for a very quick engageinen "thetythe taitton, retain at alltirnesa rfectly right-align:I lar relation t0 themem rane or dlaphragnr 9, and, therefore, that.v the polished carbon.

surface. thereof which faces ,the dia hral shall be at'all times in perfect paral elr4 tion therewith. The threaded wings or p of the button support/2() and the six in#V wardly projecting 'lugs 19 on thebushing 17 afford an even, firm nnnnlar engagement of the threaded parts.'my Never can 'anyone winged 'part of a buttonleave the threaded lugs of the bushing` `without. s'ome other` wing or lug 22 leaves-just as muchfor en-V gages justT as much. Therefore, the icon: struction is such that it aiords an even balanced engagement of `the threaded'partsat all times, and it will riot be noted that vnone of the wings 22 can entirely leave engage-j mentv with one of the inwardly projecting lugs 19 without having already engaged the next adjacent lug, thus while a space is left between the lugsthrougjlrwhich the Sound waves nia)v pass, vet the engagement of the rinQQO- with the bushing is never' broken.

I provide the chamber V15 and the air disl sipatn openings 16, surrounding the same,

thus4 t ese waves areallowed to esca-pe through the openings 16, thus causing no confusion inthe sound` andfmaking the action of the diaphragm more ,certain .and

. steadier. It is for this reason that I provide the ribs 4, therinner side of these ribs forming air chambers provided at each end vwit-h the sound dissipatingopenings, 6.and

.(i, before described. These openings prevent: any compression of the air on the outer face of the diaphragm and thus provide for a diaphragm which is properly bal- -Vanced and operates aswell in one direction The ribs forV forming the sound dissipat.A ing channels, projecting as they do, on the' .outsidegof the instrument, form between them a path of escapement for the dissipat'ed sounds. neither the front norrear plate can ever have these channels .tightly covered and ,closed by t-he clothing'or pocket of a person, butwill always insure a free path of escape forthe dissipated sounds.

.Y In Figs. 15 and 16, I show a4 resonator -of very much the same construct-ion as vthat shownin Figs. 1, 2 and 3, save for the fact 'that'.

` 'ribsl 38I thereon vare radiall and .not lnd thus the passages formed bespira tweenxthe ribs are also radial and not spiral 'as shown in Fig-'2. Vhile I'prefer to usev `a-cup-orbowl-shaped 1esonator, such as has been described, I do lnot, wish to be limited thereto, as the resonators might be formed.

of relatively flat circular plates such as are shown in Figs. '19 to 23. Thes'e resonators j are in .the form of cap plates which cover and protect therear open face of the sound box4 and thus protect the adjusting mecha`A nism therein, and also jpermlt' theventrance ofY sound waves to -the rear of the diaphragm.- The cup-shapedresonator by reason of Vits shape'and size, is, of course, able to collect a large, volume of sound, and.v to

collect sound waves from a considerable' u d1stance,'but'1t 1s desirable 1n vmany 1I1- stances to have an Instruinent which, while not so well adapted to reeeive sound from a distanoe,'is` `yetentirely adapted to receive and transmit the tones o ordinary conversation. It is in such instances that it is desirable to leave out the cup-shaped resonator and provide merely a flat plate re- It will thus be seen thatv sonator or a )late covering the, rear of the.

disk, etc., as previously described, is protected by a resonator plate, 42. is adapted to be attached atA its margin to the rear face of the sound box as by the screws 43, and is formed with a series of radiating outwardly projecting ribs 44, and with a series of perforations 45. IVith an instrument constructed in this manner, it is only-necessary to speak against the plate 42. The sound waves will enter the per? forationS and strike the rear of the diaphragm inexactly the same manner that the sound waves strike the rear of the diaphragm in the construction shown in Figs. l to 4. The perforations in the front plate 39, also permit this form of transmitter to be used by speaking either against the plate 39 or against the resonator plate 42. As there is considerable difference in the sound, it is sometimes advisable to speak lagainst the front face of the diaphragm through the perforations 45 instead of against the rear face of the diaphragm. There is considerable change in pitch in the two cases, and the use of the instrument in one or -the other position will depend upon circumstances.

This plate It is obviousthat an instrument constructed onr` the principles of my device is the only one that it is possible to use in this manner So as vto get va pitch best adapted to circumstances.Y

Fig. 19 shows a resonator plate 46 of the same character as that shown in Fig. 1 7, but provided witha series of inwardly depressed ribs 4T,-these ribs being arranged ina spiral manner around the central chamber 48;, In other words, the resonator shown in Fig. 19 is practically the counterpart of that shown in Figs. 2 and 3, except for the fact that ift has no bowl-shaped flaring periphery. "It will be seen, however, that passages willf be lformed. between the ribs 47 intoA which 'the sound waves will pass and by which they will be conducted to the openings .27 leading to thev rear of the diaphragm. In Figs. 20A

and 21 is showna still further modified form of` this construction. In this case the plate 49 is formed with the central chamber 50, and the margin of the plate is inclined out'- wardly. In Figs. 22 and is shown a still further modification ofthe flat resonator cap in which the cap 51 is formed with a central chamber 52, .having air dissipating openings .33 and also formed with the radiating inwardly. projecting ribs 54, whereby the 'cap plate may be attached to the sound box and vet leave radial passa es between the ribs for the entrance of sound.

` In Figs. 25 to 28 I show a duplex transmitter built on thel principles of my inven-` tion. In these figures, 55 and 56 designate two sound boxes of the type shown in all the figures, set bacltoback, but with a duplex resonator plate 57 interposed between them. As shown in Fig. 28 this resonator plate is radially corrugated so as, to form alternating ribs 58, and depressions or channels 59 on both sides of the plate-it being obvious that the ribs of one side of the lateV are the' channels of the opposite side o gthe plateand vice versa. These channel-s formed between the ribs extend inwardly nearly to thecenter thereof, and, of course, transversely widen outwardly. The central portion of the plate 57 is in amedian plane be- .tween the greatest depth Iof the corrugations on either side of the plate. lThe channels thus formed Aon both sides of the resonator plate will thus carry sound waves inward to both of the sound boxes. `The sounds enfv tering the channels between the corrugations will be caused to enter half rinto one instrument and halfinto the other, since the corrugations are of like extent. and therefore adapted to conveniently split the sound waves and' concentrate them' into eachsrespective instrument thus mounted therewith.

lIt is of ,value to'note that this form of resonator may be made with the same die as is used to lform the sinuous or radially corrugated diaphragm ring 36. While I have; shown the corrugations -inthis plate 57 as being radial, I do not wishvto be limited to` this, as the corrugations might be spiral, as are the corrugatons shown in Figs. 2 and 9.

The sound boxes are attached back-tti I back to the -resonator bythe screws, 60, these screws passing ihto the ribs formed between the respective corrugations. 'The electrodes and daphragnis are supported within the' sound boxes 1n the' ,same manner as heretofore described. In the iigures now under consideration, 61, denotes in each* usound box the bushing having the inwardly projecting screw-threaded perforated lugs, 62, engaging .with the screw-threaded perforated wings,

on the -annulus 64, this annulu's supports" the carbon plate 65, the wall of filamentous material, 66,V and- .he granular carbon G7.V

The diaphragms- V68 are mounted Vin the sound box as heretofore described, adjacent. to the electrodesand covered by the cap G9, having the- .radially perforated ribs, 70. lExternalcircuit terminals v7() and'71 extend through the walls of the boxes. It will Vbey understood from what has been stated, that vwhile all these separate formsl of resonators embody the same principl'e, and act to carry the sound waves into Ythe interior of the sound box behind the diaphragm or against that face of the diaphragm which contacts with the carbon is'adapted to some special case of deafness o1' to some special condition. Where sound from a distance is to be transmitted in large volumes, the construction shown in Figs.; 1 to 4 is preferable. Where a comparatively low-toned ysound is desired, theconstruction shown in Figs. 17 and 18 may be used, and the amount of sound waves' ermitted to enter the sound box in rear o the diaphragm will be varied between the amount allowed to enter by the construction shown in Fig. 1,

ferentforms of resonator" shown 1n Figs.

18 to 23. v

It will be seenfrom, the drawings that the instrument may spoken at either from the frontI or rear; the result varying greatly in the two ways of using, but the sound being conveyed' to the rear of the diaphragm will act to force out the diaphragm away from the carbon granules, 26, thus loosening these granules, lessening their area of contact with each other and thereby of course diminishing their conductivity. This les- `sening of the conductivity acts 4to lessen the amount of current passing tov the ,line, and this `in turn, acts to lessen the magnetism in the receiving instrument, thus allowing the diaphragm of the receiver to move outward and giving an outward movement of projecfront of the diaphragm. v It will be seen from Fig. 3 that the sound Waves enterthe interior of the sound box around the carbon button and impinge upon the circumferential margin of the diaphragm surrounding the button, thus the greatest amplitude of movement-is the part which contacts with fthe granular carbon, thus providing vfor a comparatively larger area'of movement betwee the carbon particles. While .I regard this arrangement as preferable whereby the sound waves pass intoY the sound 'box around the exterior of the carbon-supporting ringand disk, I do not wish to be'limited to this.

One of the relatively minor but important features of my invention lies in the mounting of the carbon' disk to an annulus which has'screw-threaded engagement with a bushing on the sound box. This construction economizes space, and'space is an important factor in devices of this character, which are intended to be inconspicuous'and to be carried in the pocket or ina small bag or 'reticle It will be seenthat no stem is the same is practically supported upon .its circumference, flush with the annular ring and flush with the bushing, and that, therefore, the depth of the sound chamber need l only be, equal to the depth of the granular and that shown in Fig. 17 by usingthe diftion to the column of air innnedia'tely inl center of the diaphragm-which has the needed t'o suppoit/ the carbon disk, but thatelectrode, yet each of these separate forms carbon on the surface of the disk. before remarked. allows ot' initier being Iliade.

lhile I have shown what I believe to be the best embodiment of my invention. I do not wish to be'limited to the exact coustruction. as it is obvious that the principles of the instrument may be embodied in other forms.

My device is. as before `stated. primarily intended for use in audiphonie instruments for assisting hearing in the deal". but I do not limit n -elf to this application of my invention. .s the principles of it may be applied to any form of telephonie apparatus.

Having thus described my invention. what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let- This. as

a very Hat trans- 'ters-Patent. is:

1. In a telephonie apparatus. the combination with a sound box. a diaphragm mounted thereon. an electrode mounted on the sound box in rear of the diaphragm. and a cap covering the face of said diaphragm. of a cap mounted upon the rear portion ot' the sound box but spaced therefrom and defining a series of channels about the sound box adapted to direct sound Waves into the rear of the sound box and against the rear of the diaphragm.

2. In telephonie apparatus. a transmitter including the combination With a sound box. a diaphragm mounted thereon. an electrode supported in the sound box in rear of the diaphragm. and a plate covering the face of the diaphragm. of a plate mounted upon the rear face ot the sound box but spaced therefrom and having a circumferential series ot channels leading to the interior of the sound box and adapted to direct the sound Waves thereto and againstI the rear face of the diaphragm. t

3. In telephonie apparatus a sound box. a diaphragm mounted thereon. an electrode centrally mounted in the sound box, and means for directing sound Waves circumerentially about the sound box and the electrode into the sound-box and against the rear tace ot the diaphragm.

4. In telephonie apparatus. a transmitter consisting of a sound box. a diaphragm supported thereon. an electrode centrally mounted in. the sound box at the rear of the diaphragm. said sound box having a circuint'erential series of passages located around the electrode and leading to the interior of the sound box. and means for directing sound Waves through said passages and against the rear tace of the. diaphragm.

In telephonie apparatus. f sound box. a diaphragm supported there; a centrally arranged granular carbon elect "ed" mounted in said sound box. and cozuacti rear tace ot the .flizonl mounted upon the ha in. and a plate .said sound box with the l l l adapted to permit the entrance of sound waves into the said sound box and against the rear face of the diaphragm, said plate protecting the electrodesupporting means.

6. In telephonie apparatus. a transmitter comprising a sound box open on its rear face, a diaphragm supported in the sound box. an electrode supported in the sound box. and a plate mounted upon the rear face of the sound box and having radiating passages leading to the rear face of said sound box.

7. In telephonie apparatus. a microphonie transmitter having a sound eendueting plate With its sound receiving face directed te Ward that face of the diaphragm adjacent the microphonic element, said plate being provided with radiating passages on its sound receiving face adapted to direct sound waves toward the adjacent face of the transmitter diaphragm.

8. In telephonie apparatus a mierophonie transmitter including a sound hex. a diaphragm mounted thereon. a inierophonhl element in operative relation to thc diaphragm. and a plate mounted upon the sound box with its sound receiving face directed toward the face of the diaphragm adjacent the microphonic element. said sound receiving face of the plate having a series ot radiating passages gradually contracting toward the center from which they radiate and adapted to direct sound Waves against the adjacent face of the diaphragm.

9. In telephonie apparatus. a sound box. a diaphragm mounted thereon. and a plate mounted upon the sound box having a series of radiating spiral passages leading inward from the circumference of the plate and adapted to conduct sound waves into contactl with said diaphragm.

l0. In telephonie apparatus, a microphonic transmitter provided with a diaphragm and a microphonic element in 0perative relation thereto. said transmitter having sound conveying passages leading from the exterior thereof toward that face of the transmitter diaphragm adjacent the microphonic element, said passages decreasing in sectional area as they extend from the exterior toward the interior of the transmitter.

11. In telephonie apparatus, a microphonic transmitter comprising a sound box. a diaphragm supported thereon, a microphonic element in operative relation to the diaphragm. and a sound directing plate mounted on the sound box on the microphoniiv element side of the diaphragm and having radial ribs defining sound directing pas-.idees leading inward to said diaphragm.

3;". In a telephonie .num-tus, a transmitter including a rsoun? box. a diaphragm mounted thereon. .nel a sound-directing `ter including a sound box, a diaphragm mounted thereon, and a sound-directing plate, said plate having a central chamber formed therewith provided with sound dissipating openings, and with radialY passages adapted to conduct sound waves fro'm the exterior of the transmitter into contact with the diaphragm thereof.

14. In telephonie apparatus, a transmitter including a sound box. a diaphragm mount-A ed thereon, a central electrode supported in the sound box on the inside of said diaphragm, said sound box having apertures from its rear face to the interior thereof, and a sound wave directing plate mounted `upon the rear of said sound box having a series of radial passages formed therewith, and a central sound dissipating chamber having apertures leading to the exterior of the plate.

15. In telephonie apparatus, a transmitter including a sound box. a diaphragm mounted thereon, an electrode mounted in the interior of the sound box and adjacent to the inside face of the diaphragm, a plate covering the front face of the diaphragm, and a. plate mounted upon the rear face ofthe sound box, having a series ,of alternated radial ribs and passages .threbetweem an'd an annular concentricdepression surround` .ing an. outwardly projecting chamber, said chamber being provided with sound dissi-` pating apertures.

16. In telephonie apparatus, a sound box, a diaphragm mounted thereon, an electrode mounted in the' interior of the sound box and bearing against the'inside face of the diaphragm, means for directing sound waves into the interior of the box against the inside face of the diaphragm to force it away from said electrode` and a plate covering the outer face-of the diaphragm and provided with apertures .adapted to pfrmit the escape of 'air compressed between the diaphragm and the plate.

17. In telephonie apparatus, a sound box, a diaphragm mounted thereon, an electrode mounted in the interior of the sound box adjacent to the inside face of the diaphragm, means for directing sound waves into the interior of the sound box and against the inside face of the diaphragm, and a plate mounted upon the sound box and covering the outer face of the diaphragm, said plate having a series of outwardly projecting ribs thereon, each inclosing a chamber, the ribs being provided with perforations ent ing said chamber and permitting ythe passage of compressed air therethrough.

5 1& In n telephonie apparatus, a sound box,

a Adiaphragm mounted thereong, @electrode centrally mounted lhe soundsbox adjajl centv'ft the inside'ffaceof thqdiaphraginya sound directing plate monntedupon the rear of the sound box and adapted to direct soundv waves into the interi i thereof and against the rear face of the d ph'ragm, and a plate covering the front of said diaphragmv but spaced therefrom, said plate having aY seriesof openings therethrough.

19. A telephonlc transmltftercompris'ing a sound box havingsideiwalls and an inwardly projecting portion on said'side Walls'. diaf. phragm supported onfonef'end ofthe sound box, a carbon button supported on the in wardly projecting portion 'of tlsound box and against the inner face of the diaphragm, a plate surrounding said button and with passages through which sound wavesl may pass to the interior`of thesound boitl and against` the rearface of the diaphragm, and a plate mounted upon the back` of the sound box, having radlal passagesor directing sound Waves to said openings, and'a central sound dissipating chamber coincident with said button, having sound,'dissipitiDgi apertures leading out of the chamber.

20. In a telephonie instrument, the coin.- hination with an annular sound box, and a diaphragm mounted thereon, of va bushing removably mounted in the sound box having a series offinwardly rejecting lugs, an electrode, and an annu us supporting said electrode having projecting wings provided with a screw threaded `engagement with the bushing. Y

21. In'a telephonie instrument, the combination with'an annular sound box, and a diaphragm mounted thereon,`of a bushing removably mounted in thesoundbox having al series ot inwardly projecting lugs, an electrode, andl an annulus supportingr said electrode having a series of s aced outwardl v projecting wings greater in width than the space between said lugs, and having a screw threaded engagement with the inner edge of said lugs.

Q2, In a telephonie instrument, the combination with an annnlarsound box, and a diaphragm mounted thereon, of a. bushing removabl)r mounted in the sound boxhaving a series ot' inwardly projecting lugs, an electrode. and an annulus supporting said electrode having a series' of spaced outwardly projecting wings reater in width than the width of the lugs or the space between said lugs and having screw threaded `engagement therewith.

electrode, having projecting wings,lthe in-` ner edges of said lugs and the outer edges of .said wings being formed with a triple screw thread.

'24. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with an annular sound box. and a diaphragm mounted thereon. of a bushing removabl)v mounted in the sound box having a series of imvardlv projecting lugs. an annulus havingprojeeting Wings adapted to have screw threaded engagement with the said lugs. a carbon dislt supported in the annulus. a filamentous fringe. projecting from the edge of said disk, and granular carbon inclosed Within the filamentous fringe and contacting with the diaphragm.

In a telephonie instrument. the eombination with a sound box. and a diaphragm mounted thereon. of a bushing having screw threaded engagement with the sound box, an ammlus having screw threaded engagement ivith the bushing. and anv electrode suppoted by the annulus. Said screw threaded t .ig'agement` of the annulus, bushing and sound box permitting the adjustment of said electrode against the diaphragm.

QG. In a telephonie instrument. the eombination with a sound boX. and a diaphragm mounted thereon. of a bushing supported on Athe sound box. an annulus having screw threaded engagement on itsl peripherjv with said bushing. and a carbon electrode mounted diret-tlv on the face of said annulus.

QT. In a telephonie instrument. an electrode eoniprising a carbon button having a ring of mica inlaid in its circumference Hush with the surfaee of the button. a filamentous wall surrounding the .said button. and granular carbon contained within said ilamentous all.

QS. The combination in a telephonie instrument. of a sound box. a diaphragm and a cover engaging ith the diaphragm. of a binding ring interposed between the eover and the margin of the diaphragm. said ring` being formed oi" resilient material and sinuously bent. around its whole extent.

29. In telephonie apparatus. a transmitter having a diaphragm. a miernphonio element inoperative relation thereto. and a resonator having peripheral openings t'oi' admitting sound to the diaphragm and located adja- CentA to and communicating with that faee of the diaphragm in operative reiation to the mierophonie element.

30. In a telephonie apparatus. the eembination n'ith a transmitter inelnding :i sound bov. a diaphragm. and an tiet-trede mounted adjacent to the diaphragm, ot a ease having a peripheral rim -iii'i'::nidiithe sound boit. said ear-e being t'oi'ned n. ,i

passag'eadapted io Mutuel sound rives to the diaphragm. and -aid rim provided nitli peripherai openings ullnitting Hund v1 ave-1 to said pa,--s:ige-.

S1. In a telephoniel apparatus. a transmitl ter having an int-.losing ease formed with peripheral openings admitting sound waves i to the transmitter. and ears projeeting from the periphery of the case over said openings.

In a telephonie apparatus. a transmitter having an inelosing ease formed with peripheral projections adapted to engage with a poeltet to hold the ease and transmitter in position within said poeltot.

33. In a telephonie apparatus. the combination 'ith a transmitter ineluding a sound box, a diaphragm, and an eleetrode mounted adjacent to the diaphragm. otl a resonator having a baclt, and a peripheral flared riln surrounding the circumference of the transmitter and spaced therefrom, said sound box being provided with openings leading into the space behind the diaphragm and permitting sound waves to force the diaphragm away from said electrode.

34. In a. telephonie apparatus. a transmitter having sound wave admission openings in the baelt thereof, ot' a resonator attached to butv spaced from said haelt having an out- \vardl \7 flared peripheral rim .surrounding the circumference of the` sound box and spaced therefrom to permit the entrance of of the transmitter.

35. In a telephonie apparatus. the omitination ivith a transmitter ineiuding i onnd box, a diaphragm. and au electrode mounted adjacent thereto. .said sound box being provided with openings in its rear tare :for admitting sound waves to the diaphragm. of a resonator having a haelt. and a peripheral rim surrounding the eirenmtereme oi the box but spaced therefrom, said bai'lt being' formed With passages adapted to eonduet sound Waves to the diaphragm, and the rim being provided with perijiheral openings and vidi projeiting ears projeeting from the margin ot said openings.

LEG. In a telephonie apparatus. a transmitter inrluding a sound hott. a diaphragm mounted thereon. an electrode supported in the sound box adjaeent to the inner tare of said diaphragm. lsaid sound boi,Y havingr openings surrounding the eieetrode admit-- ting sound naves to the rear tane of the diaphragm. and a resonator :ittaehed to the i from. said resonator having a haelt and an 'outw-xidiv iiared rim oi'iwiundiiin the eirl/'umi'erenfw et' the anni bott and pt-ning en the 'from iii-erw t.

13T. Yin a tilt-pienza* apparatus. :i transmit- `ier infin- .-2 .te-ml box. :i diaphragm mounted .i affitta? eteetrode ,supported in tiu fi t e iii-ide it said diapliragfin..-a l ating' apertures rom its i". ai taf-e to die in;` iior thereof. a

i plaie eoieiinfg tile tra.: f ml d iplii'agm. j and aetinaI to piwem :ne ifexpiiigt-iiieiit ol sound waieti.' won. and a i,.-=oufitor lift real' tare oil the sound boit but .spared theremounted upon the rear face of the sound box but spaced therefrom, said resonator having an outwardly .tiared rim surrounding the circumference of the sound box.

3S. In telephonie apparatus, a transmitter including a sound box, a diaphragm mounted thereon, a central electrode supported in the sound box on the inside of said diaphragm, said sound box having apertures from its rear face to the interior thereof, a plate mounted upon the front of the sound box and covering the front of the diaphragm, preventing the impingement of sound waves thereon, and a resonator mounted upon the rear of the sound box having a back and an outwardly flared rim surrounding the circumference of the sound box, said back being formed with radial inwardly extending sound wave carrying passages.

39. In a telephonie apparatus, a transmitter including a sound box, a diaphragm mounted thereon` and a sound directing' plate, said plate having a central chamber formed therewith, provided with sound dissipating openings, said plate being adapted to conduct sound waves from the exterior of the transmitter into contact with the diaphragm thereof.

40. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with an annular sound box. and a diaphragm mounted thereon, of a bushing mounted on the sound box and opposed to the diaphragm, said bushing having a plurality of screw threads formed on its inner edge, an electrode support having a plurality of threads engaging with the threads on the bushing, and an electrode mounted to said electrode support.

4l. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with a sound box, and a diaphragm mounted thereon. of a bushing mounted on the sound box in opposition to the diaphragm, said bushing being formed on its interior edge wlth a plurality of screw threads, an annular electrode support having a lurality of threads on its circumference adapted to engage with the threads on the bushing, a carbon disk carried by the annular support, and granular'carbon supported against the inner face of Said carbon disk and in contact with the diaphragm.

42. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with an annular sound box and a diaphragm mounted thereon, of an annulus carrying an electrode and mounted in the sound box, said annulus being provided with i l 1 i means for the passage of sound therethrough".

to the diaphragm.

43. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with a sound box and a diaphragm, of an annulus, and an electrode mounted thereon, said annulus having a series of outwardly spaced projections and the sound box having supporting means engaging the spaced projections of the annulus.

44. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with a sound box and a diaphragm mounted thereon, of an annulus and an elec trode supported therebyadjacentA to the diaphragm. said annulus being adapted to permit the passage ofsound Waves to cause said diaphragm to be forced out away from the electrode.

45. In a telephonie instrument, the combination with a sound box casing and a diaphragm mounted therein, of a stemless eleetrode and a mounting therefor adjustable in the sound box, whereby the electrode may be adjusted nearer to or farther from the diaphragm, said electrode mounting including an outwardly projecting circumferential flange inclosing a chamber behind the electrode.

46. In a telephonie instrument. a sound box. a diaphragm mounted therein, an annulus adjustable in the sound box with re lation to the diaphragm. and an electrode button having au insulated circumference and mounted on the annulus, said sound box beine? adapted to receive sounds in the rear of the diaphragm to force the latter awav from the electrode.

47. In a telephonie instrument adapted to be carried in a pocket, a casing having an uneven outer face adapted to keep the material of a receptacle from closing around the instrument and thus mufliing sound.

48. In a telephonie instrument. a diaphragm, an electrode supported adjacent to the diaphragm. and corrugated front and rear plates having sound dissipatinr;` and sound-receiving openings, said corrugatious being adapted to prevent the walls of a carrying means from muflling the sounds to be received or givenout.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto atiixed my .signature in the presence of two witnesses.

GERTRUDE M. WELLER, FRANK L. NORTON.

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